IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL SPACES AND FEATURES OF THE HISTORIC SEB CASTLE IN SARAVAN COUNTY, IRAN

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor at the Department of Architectu‌‌re, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.

2 Master student at the Department of Architecture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.

Abstract

Qajarid residential-governmental settlements found in Baluchistan have a unique architecture due to the security concerns that resulted from adjacency with the borders of the neighboring countries, in addition to the special climatic and environmental conditions of the region. The concepts behind the architecture of the Qajar era had certain shared grounds that were rooted in the sociopolitical issues of that historical period and can still be observed in many Qajarid castles. This study analyzes these concepts in the architectural features of Seb Castle in Saravan County, with the aim of reviewing the architecture of the castle and identifying its spaces. The architecture of Seb Castle, which was a residential-governmental site, reflects the cultural, climatic, and geographical conditions of the region, as well as the builders’ knowledge of the local materials. In this research, which is partly historical-interpretive and partly descriptive-analytical, the prominent architectural features and ornaments of Qajarid castles in Saravan County, especially Seb, are discussed with the aim of examining the major factors that have affected the structure of these fortified buildings. The results show that the sociopolitical conditions of that era had a great impact on the structure of Qajarid castles. In addition, the study of the prominent features of Seb Castle shows that it has a special mastaba structure and that it has been constructed with the clay-alyssum mixture, a local material once commonly used in the region. Unlike other Iranian historic buildings in which common ornaments included decorative plasterwork, tile-work, mosaic, and mirrors, the interior and exterior of Seb Castle have been decorated using clay and mud.

Keywords

چکیده: شناسایی و الویت سنجی سکونتگاههای مسکونی- حکومتی دوره قاجار در منطقه بلوچستان علاوه بر شرایط اقلیمی و محیطی، بدلیل هم مرز بودن با کشورهای همسایه و شرایط خاص امنیتی منطقه معماری مخصوص به خود را دارند. در این خصوص مفاهیم به کار رفته درآرایه‌های معماری دوره قاجار دارای معانی مشترکی است که معلول مسائل اجتماعی و سیاسی دوره خود بوده‌اند و در بسیاری از قلعه‌های به‌جای مانده از آن دوران دیده می‌شود. مقاله حاضر با محور قراردادن این مفاهیم مشترک و تحلیل آن‌ها در آرایه‌های قلعه سِب سراوان، در صدد معرفی معماری به‌کار رفته در این قلعه و شناخت ویژگی‌های فضاهای موجود در آن است. معماری به‌کار رفته در قلعه سب که یک قلعه مسکونی- حکومتی بوده است نشان از فرهنگ، اقلیم، شرایط جغرافیایی و فرهنگ استفاده از مصالح بومی منطقه دارد. در این پژوهش که بخشی به روش تاریخی- تفسیری و بخشی از آن توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد به ویژگی­های بارز معماری، تزئینات و گچ بری­های قلعه­های دوره قاجار در شهرستان سراوان، به­ویژه قلعه سب پرداخته شده و عوامل تاثیرگذار بر ساختار کلیدی قلعه سب مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان می­دهد که فضای سیاسی و اجتماعی آن دوران، تأثیر فراوانی بر ساختار این ابنیه داشته است. همچنین بررسی ویژگی‌های بارز قلعه سب نشان داد که ساختار آن دارای شکل خاص هرم مصطبه بوده، مصالح به­کار رفته در این قلعه از ملات بومی، مقاوم و خاص "گل رس- توتری" است و تزئینات داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ به‌کاررفته در آن، ﺑﺮﺧﻼف دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ اﯾﺮان ﮐﻪ در آن‌ها از ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﺎت ﮔﭽﺒﺮی، ﮐﺎﺷﯽ‌کاری، ﻣﻌﺮق، آﯾﻨﻪﮐﺎری و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﺎت ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻼت ﺧﺸﺖ و ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

کلمات کلیدی: معماری دوران قاجار، قلعه ­های دوران قاجار، سراوان، قلعه سب.

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Journal of Sistan and Baluchistan Studies
Volume 2, Issue 2
December 2022
Pages 1-11

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History

  • Receive Date: 21 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 27 August 2022
  • Accept Date: 07 September 2022
  • Publish Date: 20 December 2022

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