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Journal of Sistan and Baluchistan Studies

Journal of Sistan and Baluchistan Studies

ANCIENT PICTOGRAPHS IN BAKHTEGAN COUNTY OF FARS PROVINCE, IRAN

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors
1 M.A. in Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
2 M.A. in Archaeology, Isfahan University of Art, Isfahan, Iran.
3 M.A. in Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Markaz Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
One of the oldest traditional arts in the world, which has lasted for thousands of years, is the rock art. The rocky face of the mountains seems to be the first painting canvas on which our antediluvian ancestors tried to record their artful works. Although other methods of recording the works of art were available to primate humans, they became obsolete over time due to the deficiency of the dialyzed materials used. There are different opinions attributing a thorough chronology to these types of ancient paintings. Although in many areas, these motifs are dated to the Paleolithic period, in different parts of Iran, similarities in terms of subject and style can be perceived between these motifs and motifs presented on the pottery samples each one relating to the different cultural periods. Perhaps we can deal with the chronology of the patterns by the comparative approach. The study of these ancient motifs has been given a special attention in the world for several decades, but in Iran, the comprehensive studies have not been done yet and generally the majority of the presentations only include the descriptive collections of the motifs. The preceding researches demonstrate that the art of pictograph can be seen in the most parts of Iran, especially on the Zagros and the Central Plateau. In the Fars province, due to its geographical location in the South Zagros, rock art has been identified and introduced from different regions, including petroglyphs and pictographs. In the present research, studying the Bakhtegan county of Fars province, we identified some of the pictographic instances, and in this article we try to introduce their patterns. The present study prepared by the field and library study methods to document, classify, and attribute a relative chronology of the patterns based on the comparative approach. The studied motifs are of the color-painting type embracing the human, animal, plant and the symbolic motifs. 
Keywords

چکیده: از سنت‌های هنری بسیار قدیمی در دنیا که طی هزاران سال تداوم داشته، نقوش صخره‌ای است. به نظر می‌رسد بستر صخره‌ای کوه اولین بستری بود که انسان برای ثبت آثار هنری خود انتخاب کرده است. گرچه روش‌های دیگری برای ثبت آثار هنری در اختیار بشر قرار داشته، اما به دلیل خاصیت تجزیه‌پذیری مواد مورد استفاده با گذشت زمان از بین رفته‌اند. در مورد تاریخگذاری نقوش فوق نظرات مختلفی وجود دارد، هر چند بر بسیاری مناطق، این نقوش به دوره پارینه سنگی تاریخگذاری شده اما در نواحی مختلف ایران شباهت‌هایی از نظر موضوع و سبک بین این نقوش با نقوش روی سفال‌های ادوار مختلف فرهنگی دیده می‌شود که شاید بتوان با این مقایسه به گاهنگاری نقوش پرداخت. هر چند چندین دهه است که در جهان مطالعه این نقوش مورد توجه ویژه قرار گرفته اما در ایران هنوز مطالعات جامعی صورت نگرفته و عموماً شامل توصیف مجموعه‌های نقوش است. پژوهش‌های صورت گرفته نشان می‌دهد که هنر صخره‌نگاری در بیشتر نقاط ایران، به ویژه زاگرس و فلات مرکزی دیده می‌شود. در استان فارس نیز با توجه به موقعیت جغرافیایی و قرار داشتن آن در زاگرس جنوبی تا کنون از مناطق مختلفی هنر صخره‌ای شامل کنده­نگاره و رنگ­نگاره شناسایی و معرفی شده است. نگارندگان نیز در شهرستان بختگان استان فارس نمونه‌هایی از رنگ نگاره را شناسایی نموده و در این مقاله سعی بر آن است تا به معرفی نقوش پرداخته شود. پژوهش حاضر با روش‌های مطالعه میدانی و کتابخانه‌ای به مستند‌نگاری، طبقه‌بندی، گاهنگاری نسبی نقوش بر اساس مطالعات تطبیقی و معرفی نقوش مذکور پرداخته است. نقوش مورد بررسی از نوع رنگ نگاره بوده که شامل نقوش انسانی، حیوانی، گیاهی و نمادین است.

کلیدواژه: نقاشی صخره‌ای، رنگ‌نگاره، پناهگاه صخره‌ای، بختگان، فارس.

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Volume 2, Issue 2
December 2022
Pages 53-61

  • Receive Date 12 July 2022
  • Revise Date 01 September 2022
  • Accept Date 09 September 2022
  • Publish Date 20 December 2022