THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SISTAN AND GREAT KHORASAN CULTURE (GKC) IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM BC

Moradi, Hossein; Tahmasebi Zave, Hamed; Eshghi, Ali Akbar; Sarhaddi-Dadian, Hossein

doi:10.22034/jsbs.2022.345051.1030

THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SISTAN AND GREAT KHORASAN CULTURE (GKC) IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM BC

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Hossein Moradi ¹

Hamed Tahmasebi Zave ²

Ali Akbar Eshghi ³

Hossein Sarhaddi-Dadian ⁴

¹ Ph.D. in Archaeology, University of Tehran, Iran.

² Ph.D. in Archaeology, Art University of Isfahan, Iran.

³ Ph.D. Candidate in Archaeology, University of Mazandaran, Iran.

⁴ Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of zabol, zabol, iran.

10.22034/jsbs.2022.345051.1030

Abstract

The identification of the geographical extent of the Bactria Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) and the interpretation of the spreading map of the related archeological instances in the ancient sites of the eastern half of Iran is at the beginning stage of its long journey. Several Studies led by many archeologists from different backgrounds were carried out to define the relationship between the BMAC and the other neighboring cultural areas of the eastern half of Iran such as Dasht Gorgan, Hissar, Kerman, Baluchistan, but the relationship between this culture and the cultural area of Sistan was neglected. According to the continuous excavations that led to the identification of the BMAC pottery, the investigations on the Sistan basin and in the archaeological excavations of Graziani, Taleb Khan and the fourth period of Shar-i Sokhta, as well as the identification of miniature columns and stone disks, regarding the similarities between the cultural artifacts of this geographical area and the examples identified in the BMAC such as marble vessels, metal reticular seals, memorial burials, all of these evidences propose the different hypotheses studying the relationship between these two areas. All the obtained evidences and the cultural data available relating to these two cultural areas tell the fact that they had a mutual relationship during which the BMAC was both influenced by the Shar-i Sokhta culture and influenced it. This article studies the relationship between these two cultural areas by emphasizing the BMAC pottery samples identified by chance throughout the excavations carried out to examine the Zabol-Zahedan water pipeline.

Keywords

Sistan

Shahr-i Sokhta

GKC

BMAC

Rud-i Biaban

چکیده: تلاش برای شناخت گستره جغرافیایی و تفسیر پراکندگی یافته‌های فرهنگ بلخی-مروی در نیمه شرقی ایران در ابتدای راه خویش قرار دارد. مطالعاتی در ارتباط میان فرهنگ بلخی-مروی با حوزه‌های فرهنگی نیمه شرقی ایران (دشت گرگان، حصار، حوزه فرهنگی کرمان، بلوچستان) صورت پذیرفته ولی ارتباط میان این فرهنگ با حوزه فرهنگی سیستان مغفول مانده است. شناسایی سفال‌های فرهنگ بلخی-مروی در بررسی‌های حوزه سیستان و در کاوش‌های باستان‌شناسی گرازیانی، طالب‌خان و دوره چهارم شهرسوخته و همچنین شناسایی ستون‌های مینیاتوری و دیسک‌های سنگی در این حوزه و شباهت‌های میان آثار فرهنگی این حوزه جغرافیایی با نمونه‌های شناسایی شده در فرهنگ بلخی-مروی (ظروف مرمری، مهرهای مشبک فلزی، تدفین‌های یادمانی)، فرضیه‌های متفاوتی را در زمینه نحوه ارتباط میان این دو حوزه مطرح نموده است. با توجه به شواهد و داده‌های فرهنگی، ارتباط میان این دو حوزه فرهنگی را باید یک ارتباط دو سویه تلقی نمود که در طی آن فرهنگ بلخی-مروی هم از شهرسوخته تأثیر پذیرفته و هم برآن تأثیر گذاشته است. این نوشتار با تأکید بر سفال‌های فرهنگ بلخی-مروی شناسایی شده از بررسی خط لوله انتقال آب زابل به زاهدان به مطالعه ارتباط میان این دو حوزه فرهنگی می‌پردازد.

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