PRELIMINARY REPORT OF AN ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN SARBAZ COUNTY (CENTRAL AND PISHIN PARTS)

Sarhaddi-Dadian, Hossein

doi:10.22034/jsbs.2024.349755.1038

PRELIMINARY REPORT OF AN ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN SARBAZ COUNTY (CENTRAL AND PISHIN PARTS)

Document Type : Original Research Article

Author

Hossein Sarhaddi-Dadian

Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.

10.22034/jsbs.2024.349755.1038

Abstract

This paper is the result of the report of the Sarbaz Archaeological Survey (Central and Pishin parts), which has been done based on license No. 81/208/862 of the Archaeological Research Institute of the country and the support of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Sistan and Baluchistan Province. Sarbaz County with an area of 4900 km² is one of the newly established cities in Sistan and Baluchistan province. This county, next to the Sarbaz River, is one of the most important rivers in the Baluchistan region of Iran, which passes through the Makran Mountains of Iran and eventually flows into the Sea of Oman. During the study of the southern parts of Sarbaz, several sites have been identified, from the prehistoric era to the present. Studies in the southern parts of Sarbaz County showed that from the third millennium BC until now, two factors have been more effective than other factors in the formation and expansion of the area. First, it is the general factor of the natural environment that has acted as a deterrent in this region. In large parts of the Sarbaz River, especially in the central and southern parts, it has shown its impact on the area of the sites, the thickness of the ancient layers, and the quality of cultural materials on the surface of each site. The second factor is interregional trade in a large area of southeastern Iran, which during the third millennium as a dynamic factor in the whole region from Kerman to Sistan and Baluchistan has acted positively, and wherever there has been a relatively favorable natural environment, it has led to the creation and expansion of settlements in the region. On the southern bank of the Sarbaz River on the border between Iran and Pakistan, this factor has acted as an influential factor and has established relatively large sites. The diversity of cultural materials on the surface of some of them is remarkable. Recent studies in this area show that, during the third millennium, this area has been one of the dynamic areas in establishing prominent connections between the central regions of Baluchistan, Iran on the one hand and Makran Pakistan, and the southern margin of the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf on the other. Currently, this region is on the transit route of goods from the very important port of Chabahar, located on the bank of the Makran Sea and it is trying to return to the important position and role of its economic and cultural relations as in the past. The above-mentioned archaeological study was performed with two important purposes: First, to identify and specify the scattered sites in this county to prepare an archaeological map, which is one of the important policies of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism Organization. Second, identify and reconstruct the commercial role and regional and trans-regional cultural interactions based on archaeological evidence.

Keywords

Sarbaz County

Baluchistan

prehistoric era

historical era

Islamic era

چکیده: این مقاله حاصل گزارش بررسی باستان‌شناسی سرباز (بخش مرکزی و پیشین) است که بر اساس مجوز شماره ۸۶۲/۲۰۸/۸۱ پژوهشکده باستان‌شناسی کشور و حمایت اداره کل میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری استان سیستان و بلوچستان انجام شده است. شهرستان سرباز با ۴۹۰۰ کیلومتر مربع وسعت یکی از شهرستان‌های تازه تاسیس استان سیستان و بلوچستان است. این شهرستان در کنار رودخانه سرباز یکی از رودخانه‌های مهم منطقه بلوچستان ایران است که از میان رشته کوه‌های مکران ایران می‌گذرد و در نهایت به دریای عمان می‌ریزد. طی بررسی قسمت‌های جنوبی سرباز، محوطه‌های متعددی از دوران پیش از تاریخ تا به امروز شناسایی شده است. مطالعات انجام شده در بخش‌های جنوبی شهرستان سرباز نشان داد که از هزاره سوم قبل از میلاد تا کنون دو عامل بیش از سایر عوامل در شکل‌گیری و گسترش منطقه موثر بوده است. اول اینکه عامل اصلی محیط طبیعی است که به عنوان یک عامل بازدارنده در این منطقه عمل کرده است. در بخش‌های وسیعی از رودخانه سرباز، به‌ویژه در بخش‌های مرکزی و جنوبی، تأثیر خود را بر مساحت محوطه‌ها، ضخامت لایه‌های باستانی و کیفیت مواد فرهنگی در سطح هر محوطه نشان داده است. عامل دوم تجارت بین منطقه‌ای در گستره وسیعی از جنوب شرق ایران است که در طول هزاره سوم ق.م به عنوان عاملی پویا در کل منطقه از کرمان تا سیستان و بلوچستان مثبت عمل کرده و هر جا که محیط طبیعی نسبتاً مساعدی وجود داشته است، سبب ایجاد و گسترش سکونتگاه‌ها در منطقه شده است. در کرانه جنوبی رودخانه سرباز در مرز ایران و پاکستان، این عامل به عنوان یک عامل تأثیرگذار عمل کرده و سکونتگاه‌های نسبتاً وسیعی را ایجاد کرده است. تنوع مواد فرهنگی در سطح برخی از آنها قابل توجه است. مطالعات اخیر در این زمینه نشان می دهد که در هزاره سوم ق.م، این منطقه یکی از مناطق پویا در ایجاد ارتباط برجسته بین مناطق مرکزی بلوچستان ایران از یک سو و مکران پاکستان و حاشیه جنوبی دریای عمان و خلیج فارس از سوی دیگر بوده است. در حال حاضر این منطقه در مسیر ترانزیتی کالا از بندر بسیار مهم چابهار واقع در کرانه دریای مکران قرار دارد و در تلاش است تا مانند گذشته به جایگاه و نقش مهم روابط اقتصادی و فرهنگی خود بازگردد. مطالعه باستان‌شناسی فوق با دو هدف مهم انجام شد: اول شناسایی و مشخص کردن محوطه‌های پراکنده در این شهرستان برای تهیه نقشه باستان‌شناسی که یکی از سیاست‌های مهم سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری است. دوم، شناسایی و بازسازی نقش تجاری و تعاملات فرهنگی منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای بر اساس شواهد باستان‌شناسی.

کلیدواژه: شهرستان سرباز، بلوچستان، دوران پیش از تاریخ، دوران تاریخی، دوران اسلامی.

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