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Journal of Sistan and Baluchistan Studies

Journal of Sistan and Baluchistan Studies

THE GABRI MOD SITE (MOD B), THE CONNECTING RING BETWEEN KHORASAN AND SISTAN REGIONS IN THE HISTORICAL ERA

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors
1 Expert of Cultural Heritage and Tourism Department, Iran.
2 Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
Abstract
The Gabri Mod site is located in South Khorasan province, 30 km southeast of Birjand and 3.5 km northwest of Mod in a vast plain called Nokhodi. This site includes two mounds in the northwest and the southeast adjacent to each other. The larger mound is named Mod A and the smaller mound is named Mode B. Their area is over 14 ha. Based on the cultural materials obtained from the excavations, the site of Gabri Mod belongs to the historical era, especially the Parthian period. Since 2018, the Gabri Mod site (southern mound/Tepe Mod B) has been excavated during three seasons as an internship excavation site for archaeology students of Birjand University. The weakness of environmental patterns and climatic limitations in eastern Iran, especially the lack of water resources and suitable soil for agriculture, have caused the absence of large and densely populated settlements in this region. Therefore, Tepe Mod B is of great importance in the archaeological studies of East Iran and its connection between the northern (Khorasan) and southern (Sistan) regions. Based on excavations, architectural evidence, and aerial images of Tepe Mod B, a circular structure was found inside an oval enclosure surrounded by a moat. This research aims to introduce the architectural remains and cultural data found from three seasons of archaeological excavations at Tepe Mod B. This research is descriptive and analytical and data collection is based on documentary studies and archaeological surveys and excavations.
Keywords

چکیده: محوطه گبری مود در استان خراسان جنوبی، ۳۰ کیلومتری جنوب شرقی بیرجند و در ۳/۵ کیلومتری شمال غربی مود در یک دشت وسیع به نام نخودی واقع شده است. این محوطه شامل دو تپه شمال غربی – جنوب شرقی در مجاورت هم می­شود. تپه بزرگ­تر به نام مود A و تپه کوچک­تر به نام مودB  نام­گذاری شده و مساحت آنها بالغ بر ۱۴ هکتار می‌­باشد. براساس مواد فرهنگی و کاوش­‌های صورت گرفته، قدمت محوطه گبری مود به دوران تاریخی خصوصاً دورة اشکانی مربوط است. از سال ۱۳۹۷ محوطه گبری مود (محوطة جنوبی/مودB ) به­عنوان محوطه کاوش کارآموزی دانشجویان باستان‌­شناسی دانشگاه بیرجند (دانشکده هنر)، طی سه فصل کاوش صورت گرفته است. ضعف الگوهای زیست­‌محیطی و محدودیت­های اقلیمی در شرق ایران، خصوصاً کمبود منابع آبی و همچنین خاک مناسب که دو شاخصه مهم کشاورزی می‌­باشد که باعث عدم وجود سایت­ها و سکونت­گاه­‌های پرجمعیت و وسیع در این منطقه شده، به همین دلیل محوطه گبری مود (مودB ) در مطالعات باستان­‌شناسی شرق کشور و ارتباط آن بین مناطق شمالی (خراسان) و جنوبی (سیستان) از اهمیت زیادی برخودار می‌­باشد. آنچه که بر اساس کاوش­‌های انجام گرفته، شواهد معماری و عکس‌های هوایی در سطح تپه جنوبی محوطه گبری/مودB  مشخص است، نشان از یک سازه دایره­ای شکل داخل یک محیط بیضی شکل است که اطراف آن خندقی ایجاد شده است. هدف از این تحقیق، معرفی معماری و داده­‌های فرهنگی، در جریان سه فصل کاوش‌های باستان‌شناسی محوطة گبری مود/مودB  است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش، از طریق توصیفی – تحلیلی و گردآوری داده­ها براساس مطالعات کتابخانه‌­ای، بررسی‌های میدانی و تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های حاصل از کاوش باستان‌شناسی است.

کلیدواژه: خراسان جنوبی، کاوش باستان­‌شناسی، محوطه گبری مود/ مودB ، معماری، سفال، دوران تاریخی.

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Volume 4, Issue 1
June 2024
Pages 51-68

  • Receive Date 09 January 2024
  • Revise Date 26 April 2024
  • Accept Date 15 May 2024
  • Publish Date 01 June 2024