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Journal of Sistan and Baluchistan Studies

Journal of Sistan and Baluchistan Studies

Reassessing the Chronological Development of the Bampur Valley: New Evidence and Interpretations.

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors
1 Department of Archaeology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Department of Archaeology and Archaeological Sciences Research Centre, University of Sistan and Baluchestan
10.22034/jsbs.2026.576648.1139
Abstract
This study presents a revised chronological framework for the Bronze Age occupation of the Bampur Valley in southeastern Iran. The proposed sequence is based on a critical re-evaluation of earlier excavations as well as newly available radiocarbon evidence from adjacent regions. Previous models most notably that advanced by Beatrice de Cardi (1967 and 1970) suggested an occupational span extending from the mid-third millennium to approximately 1900 BCE. New data, however, indicate that the principal phase of settlement at Tepe Bampur most likely falls between ca. 2800 and 2300 BCE. This revised range corresponds well with the ceramic assemblages of Mundigak III–IV, Shahr-i Sokhta II–IV, and Miri Qalat IIIb–IV.

Evidence for pre-Bampur settlement activity, dating to the late fourth and early third millennium BCE, is provided by diagnostic pottery bowls recovered from Saeidabad, Espidej, and Chegardak. These vessels correspond to ceramic types first identified by Stein at Shahi Tump in the Kech Makran and are contemporaneous with the later phases of Miri Qalat IIIa and Shahr-i Sokhta I. Together, these finds indicate an initial phase of occupation in the Bampur Valley, dating to approximately 3100–2800 BCE, which predates the principal settlement phase at Tepe Bampur.

Following the abandonment of Tepe Bampur around 2300 BCE, continuity of settlement is evident at nearby sites such as Saeidabad, Damin and Khurab, where local ceramic traditions persisted alongside limited intrusive materials that resemble elements associated with Central Asia. The absence of Central Asian cultural markers in the final levels at Tepe Bampur supports the view that these late phases were not contemporaneous with the introduction of such materials into the Bampur Valley.

This revised chronology refines the temporal position of the Bampur Valley within the broader cultural developments of southeastern Iran and provides a more robust basis for future comparative research.
Keywords


Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 01 July 2026

  • Receive Date 18 February 2026
  • Accept Date 01 July 2026
  • Publish Date 01 July 2026